Daniel Bochsler

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Daniel Bochsler

Database on sub-national results of national elections in post-communist democracies

Data was collected from 2004 to 2008.

Preliminary web publication. If there are problems, errors, or missing files, please do not hesitate to contact me.

In some cases, parties nominate joint lists in elections, which differ slightly from district to district. Notably in elections in Croatia, alliances sometimes vary from district to district. Parties which competes in one district alone as party A and in another district with a joint list A-B (if the party names are stated in this order), are counted as the same party, and accordingly joint lists of parties A-B in some districts and A-C in other districts. Further, if the same parties compete with joint lists in different districts, but the ordering changes (A-B or B-A), they are treated as equal. A problem arises only if in some districts we find the parties A and B running separately, and in other districts with joint lists A-B or B-A. In such case, the first stated list in an alliance would count.

The datasets further contain the effective number of parties (Laakso/Taagepera 1979), and the standardised party nationalisation score (Bochsler 2010b).
> Bochsler, Daniel (2010) 'Measuring party nationalisation: A new Gini-based indicator that corrects for the number of units', Electoral Studies 29(1): 155-168.

Any comment is welcome.

Overview over sources

country	year	tier	nr units	level	sources, remarks
Albania	1991		228	SSD, 1st round	National Republican Institute for International Affairs (1991): The 1991 elections in Albania. NRI, Washington. Pp. 52-59.
					Only 228 districts where the 1st round was decisive (16 seats were decided in the 2nd round, 6 missing), results only for winners available.
	1992		only national results available
	1996		115	SSD, 1st round	IRI 1996: 86ff. After the first round of the elections, the Central Electoral Commission released only very incomplete results. International election observers were refused the access to complete results, and later the full results appear to have disappeared. Available results appear to be partly erroneous (with than 100% of the votes reported).

	1997		115	SSD, 1st round	Official electoral results; CSCE Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (July 1997): Albania's Parliamentary Elections of 1997. US Government publication
	2001		100	SSD, 1st and 2nd round	Central Electoral Commission, personal e-Mail communication
	2005		100	SSD	Central Electoral Commission, webpage.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1996		2	entities	OSCE, offical electoral results
	1998		2	entities	OSCE, offical electoral results
	2000		2	entities	OSCE, offical electoral results For the elections 1996, 1998, and 2000, only results for two entities (Federation and ‘Republika Srpska’) were available.
	2002		8	el. districts	Central Electoral Commission, http://www.izbori.ba
	2006		149	counting circles	Central Electoral Commission, http://www.izbori.ba
Bulgaria	1990		28	el. districts	Source: NRI/NDI (1990: 113)
					There are allegations of electoral fraud; official results are said to got “lost” (NRI/NDI 1990: 113). Regional results could only be found are the percentages per region for the four largest parties, but these parties cover 97.4% of the national vote, and in each of the twenty-eight regions at least 91.8% of the votes.
	1991		31	el. districts	University of Essex
	1994		31	el. districts	University of Essex
	1997		31	el. districts	University of Essex
	2001		31	el. districts	University of Essex
	2005		32	el. districts	Centralna Izbiratelna Komisija, http://www.2005izbori.org
					(incl. 1 counting circle for voters abroad)
Croatia	1990		70	SSD, 1st round	Central Electoral Commission, official results
					Elections to the 1st chamber of the Social-Political Council. In 10 out of 80 districts, no election took place.
	1992	SSD	60	SSD	Central Electoral Commission, official results
		PR	only national results available		Central Electoral Commission, official results
	1995	SSD	28	SSD	Central Electoral Commission, official results
		PR	only national results available		Central Electoral Commission, official results
	2000		12	el. districts	Central Electoral Commission, http://www.izbori.hr/arhiva/arhiva2000/index.htm
					(incl. ethnic minority district and voters abroad district)
	2003		12	el. districts	Central Electoral Commission, http://www.izbori.hr/arhiva/arhiva2003Sabor/index.htm
					(incl. ethnic minority district and voters abroad district)
Czechoslovakia	1990	Czech part	85	counting circles	Statistical Office of the Czech Republic, http://www.volby.cz/pls/sl1990/u53
		Slovak part	42	counting circles	Statistical Office of Slovakia, http://www.statistics.sk/webdata/slov/volby/volby90/pph90.htm
					Elections of the Slovak National Council For the Slovak part of the elections, the results of the Federal assembly elections are only available at the Republic level. Local results are available however for the Slovak National Council elections, held on the same day. The results were very similar in both elections, with a deviation of 2.2% (1990) and 2.3% (1992) (Gallagher index). In 1990, there are differences of a few percentages regarding the electoral result of the Slovak National Party the Umbrella movement “Public against violence”. In 1992, the Movement for a Democratic Slovakia (Hnutie za demokratické Slovensko HZDS) scored some 3.8% better in the National Council elections than in the elections to the Federal assembly, while minor parties ran only for the federal elections.
	1992	Czech part	85	counting circles	Statistical Office of the Czech Republic, http://www.volby.cz/pls/sl1992/u53
		Slovak part	42	counting circles	Statistical Office of Slovakia, http://www.statistics.sk/webdata/slov/volby/volby92/pph92.htm
					Elections of the Slovak National Council
Czech Republic	1996		8	el. districts	University of Essex
	1998		8	el. districts	University of Essex
Czech Republic	2002		14	el. districts	University of Essex
	2006		92	counting circles	Central Electoral Commission, http://www.volby.cz/pls/ps2006/ps3?xjazyk=CZ
Estonia	1990		missing
	1992		12	el. districts	University of Essex
	1995		11	el. districts	University of Essex
	1999		11	el. districts	University of Essex
	2003		248	municipalities	National Electoral Committee; http://www.vvk.ee
	2007		402	counting circles	National Electoral Committee; http://www.vvk.ee/r07/tulemus/eesti_tulemus.html
Hungary	1990	SSD	176	SSD	University of Essex
		PR	20	el. districts	University of Essex
	1994	SSD	176	SSD	University of Essex
		PR	20	el. districts	University of Essex
	1998	SSD	176	SSD	University of Essex
		PR	20	el. districts	University of Essex
	2002	SSD	176	SSD	Central Electoral Commission http://www.valasztas.hu; Nikolenyi (2004)
		PR	20	el. districts	Central Electoral Commission http://www.valasztas.hu; Nikolenyi (2004)
	2006	SSD	176	SSD	Central Electoral Commission http://www.valasztas.hu
		PR	20	el. districts	Central Electoral Commission http://www.valasztas.hu
Kosovo	2001		33	municipalities	OSCE
					(incl. 3 counting circles for voters abroad and per mail)
	2004		30	municipalities	OSCE
Latvia	1993		5	el. districts	Electoral Commission, personal correspondence
	1995		5	el. districts	Central Electoral Commission http://www.cvk.lv
	1998		1003	counting circles	Central Electoral Commission http://www.cvk.lv
	2002		34	regions	Central Electoral Commission http://www.cvk.lv
	2006		1006	counting circles	Central Electoral Commission http://www.cvk.lv/cgi-bin/wdbcgiw/base/saeima9.GalRezS9.vis
Lithuania	1992	SSD	71	SSD	University of Essex
		PR	only national results available		University of Essex
	1996	SSD	71	SSD	University of Essex
		PR	71	SSD	Central Electoral Commission, http://www3.lrs.lt/n/rinkimai/seim96/rdsarl.htm-1.htm
	2000	SSD	71	SSD	University of Essex
		PR	71	SSD	Central Electoral Commission, http://rez.vrk.lt/rinkimai/pgl_tipa_e.htm
	2004	SSD	71	SSD	Central Electoral Commission, http://www.vrk.lt/2004/seimas/rezultatai/rezv_e_20_1.htm
		PR	71	SSD	Central Electoral Commission, http://rez.vrk.lt/rinkimai/2004/seimas/rezultatai/rez_part_e_1868_1.htm
Macedonia	1990		missing
	1994		120	SSD	Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Macedonia, 1996, Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia, Skopje, 1996; data coded and provided by Sarah Birch.
	1998	SSD	85	SSD	Newspaper "Nova Makedonia", data coded and provided by Sarah Birch.
		PR	only national results available		Macedonian Ministry of Science, http://www.izbori98.gov.mk/rezultati/html/pregled_na_dobieni_glasovi_po_listi_na_predlaga_i.htm
	2002		6	el. districts	Electoral Commission: www.izbori.gov.mk
	2006		81	municipalities	Electoral Commission www.sec.mk
Moldova	1990		missing
	1994		50	districts	Electoral Commission, personal correspondence
					(incl. 1 counting circle for embassies and 6 counting circles for Chisinau)
	1998		1317	localities	IFES Moldova (1998): Results of the elections in the Republic, districts and localities
	2001		12	districts	IFES Moldova, http://www.ifes.md
	2005		35	districts	Association for Participatory Democracy, http://www.elections2005.md
Montenegro	1998		22	counting circles	Pavićević et al. (2005)
					(incl. 1 circle for prisoners)
	2001		1091	counting circles	Pavićević et al. (2005)
					(incl. 1 circle for prisoners)
Montenegro	2002		21	counting circles	CEMI, www.cemi.cg.yu numbers are not entirely complete; there are minor differences with the OSCE numbers
	2006		1130	counting circles	CEMI, www.cemi.cg.yu
					(incl. 3 circles for prisoners)
Poland	1991		2419	municipalities	Dataset provided by Tomas Zarycki, based on data from the Electoral Commission (Zarycki/Nowak 2000)
	1993		2465	municipalities	Dataset provided by Tomas Zarycki, based on data from the Electoral Commission (Zarycki/Nowak 2000)
	1997		2478	municipalities	Dataset provided by Tomas Zarycki, based on data from the Electoral Commission (Zarycki/Nowak 2000)
	2001		2493	municipalities	Central Electoral Commission, webpage
	2005		41	el. districts	Central Electoral Commission, webpage
	2007		41	el. districts	Central Electoral Commission, http://wybory2007.pkw.gov.pl/SJM/PL/WYN/W9/index.htm
Romania	1990		41	el. districts	University of Essex
	1992		42	el. districts	University of Essex
	1996		42	el. districts	University of Essex
	2000		42	el. districts	University of Essex
	2004		42	el. districts	Central Electoral Commission http://www.bec2004.ro/rezultate.htm
Russia	1993	SSD	225	SSD	University of Essex
		PR	88	regions	Nacionaljnaja Sluzhba Novostej, http://www.nns.ru/elects/voting/elects91_96.html
	1995	SSD	225	SSD	University of Essex
		PR	89	regions	Nacionaljnaja Sluzhba Novostej, http://www.nns.ru/elects/voting/elects91_96.html
	1999	SSD	225	SSD	University of Essex
		PR	225	SSD	Dataset provided by Andrey Meleshevich, based on data from the Electoral Commission (Meleshevich 2006)
	2003	SSD	225	SSD	Central Electoral Commission, http://gd2003.cikrf.ru/gdrf4
					no party affiliation possible
		PR	2756	counting circles	Central Electoral Commission, http://gd2003.cikrf.ru/gdrf4
Serbia	1997		189	municipalities	Cesid, http://www.cesid.org.yu
	2000		174	municipalities	Cesid, http://www.cesid.org.yu
					excl. 14 municipalities in Kosovo where no votes were cast
	2003		180	municipalities	Cesid, http://www.cesid.org.yu
					excl. 10 municipalities in Kosovo where no votes were cast
	2007		183	municipalities	Cesid, http://www.cesid.org.yu

Slovakia	1994		4	districts	Central Electoral Commission, http://www.statistics.sk/struk/volby.htm
	1998		79	districts	Central Electoral Commission, http://www.statistics.sk/struk/volby.htm
	2002		2918	municipalities	Central Electoral Commission, http://www.statistics.sk/struk/volby.htm
	2006		2926	municipalities	Central Electoral Commission, http://www.statistics.sk/struk/volby.htm
Slovenia	1990		14	el. districts	Državnozborske Volitve 2000, Slovenia. Statistični urad Republike Slovenije. 2000
	1992		8	el. districts	Državnozborske Volitve 2000, Slovenia. Statistični urad Republike Slovenije. 2000 Slovenia, 1990-2: Only percentages per party in districts available. In order to estimate party nationalisation, I supposed that every district has the same number of voters.
	1996		88	el. circles	Homepage of the Electoral Commission: http://volitve.gov.si/
	2000		8	el. districts	Homepage of the Electoral Commission: http://volitve.gov.si/
	2004		88	el. circles	Homepage of the Electoral Commission: http://volitve.gov.si/
Ukraine	1990		missing
	1994		450	SSD	Vybory-94, construcuted by the Petro Mohyla Scientific Academy, Kiev, 1994. In many districts no candidate was elected, due to a turnout requirement. 112 out of 450 seats remained vacant.
	1998	SSD	225	SSD	Vybory '98: Yak Ukraïna holosyvala, Kiev: K.I.S., 1998, coded by Sarah Birch
		PR	27	regions	Central Electoral Commission, http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vd2002/WEBPROC15V?kodvib=1
	2002	SSD	225	SSD	Central Electoral Commission, http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vd2002/webproc0v; Birch (2003)
		PR	27	regions	Central Electoral Commission, http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vd2002/webproc0v; Birch (2003)
	2006		33920	counting circles	Central Electoral Commission, http://www.cvk.gov.ua/vnd2006/w6p001.html
Yugoslavia	1992		213	municipalities	20 December 1992 (Results of the elections held on 31 May 1992 are available only very partially) Cesid, http://www.cesid.org.yu; Pavićević et al. (2005)
	1996		213	municipalities	Cesid, http://www.cesid.org.yu; Pavićević et al. (2005) FRY, 1992, 1996: CeSID provides the electoral results for municipalities in Serbia. Data for the elections of the federal assembly in Montenegro are not available, but elections for the Montenegrin parliament were held on the same day, and results deviate only marginally.

update: 01/04/2010