Daniel Bochsler

University of Zurich / Zentrum für Demokratie Aarau

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Database on sub-national results of national elections in post-communist democracies (first chamber of national parliament)

If there are problems, errors, or missing files, please do not hesitate to contact me.

Feel free to use this database and to cite it, referring to "Bochsler, Daniel (2010) Territory and Electoral Rules in Post-Communist Democracies. Houndmills: Palgrave." [Database on sub-national results of national elections in post-communist democracies.]

Check also comments and sources.

The database covers electoral results of national parliamentary elections (first chamber) at the sub-national level from post-communist democracies in Europe after 1990, including twenty countries from Albania to Russia, excluding only Belarus. A number of the electoral data on the regional level of the very first multiparty elections remain partial or missing. The access to these data is more difficult, because Central Electoral Commissions were established later and do not provide data of elections before their existence, because data have allegedly been destroyed, or they might be accessible, but are not usable for our goals, because party affiliation of the candidates is often not shown by the data.

Format: each file contains one or several Excel sheets with results at the sub-national and at the national level of aggregation. For elections contained in the Essex database, I link to the University of Essex.

The datasets further contain the effective number of parties (Laakso/Taagepera 1979), and the standardised party nationalisation score (Bochsler 2010b).
> Bochsler, Daniel (2010) 'Measuring party nationalisation: A new Gini-based indicator that corrects for the number of units', Electoral Studies 29(1): 155-168.

The scores for the standardised party nationalisation score (PNS) are listed in the last row, below the voting results in the districts. Scores are listed for each indivdiual party, and aggregated for the whole party system (in the column with the valid votes).

P = only partial results / N = only national results
Certain electoral results are available from the University of Essex database.
For elections by majority vote with two rounds, the second round is only partially available.

Albania
1991P 1992N 1996 1997 2001 2005

Bosnia and Herzegovina
1996 1998 2000 2002 2006

Bulgaria
1990 1991 1994 1997 2001 2005

Croatia
1990(within SFRJ)
1992 1995 2000 2003 2007

Czech Republic
1990 1992 (Czechoslovakia)
1996 1998 2002 2006

Estonia
1990 (within the Soviet Union) - missing
1992 1995 1999 2003 2007

Hungary
1990 1994 1998 2002 2006

Kosovo
2001 2004 2007

Latvia
1990 (within the Soviet Union) - missing
1993 1995 1998 2002 2006

Lithuania
1990 (within the Soviet Union) - missing
1992 1996 2000 2004

Macedonia
1994 1998 (not available) 2002 2006

Moldova
1990 (within the Soviet Union) - missing
1994 1998 2001 2005

Montenegro
1998 2001 2002P 2006

Poland
1991 1993 1997 2001 2005

Romania
1990 1992 1996 2000 2004

Russia
1993 1995 1999

Serbia
2000 2003 2007

Slovak Republic
1992* 1994 1998 2002 2006
1992 = elections to the Slovak National Council

Slovenia
1990 1992 1996 2000 2004

Ukraine
1994P 1998 2002 2006

Published: 1 April 2010

See also: replication dataset for
- Bochsler, Daniel. "The Nationalisation of Post-Communist Party Systems." Europe-Asia Studies 62, no. 5 (2010): 807-27.
- Bochsler, Daniel. Territory and Electoral Rules in Post-Communist Democracies. Houndmills: Palgrave, 2010, chapter 4.